No Look As You Walk Your Routine Route - 1521 Words

guilty look as you walk your routine route. Homelessness is a major problem that continues to grow every year in America. According to The Huffington Post, â€Å"Over half a million people are homeless. One quarter of homeless people are children.† (â€Å"10 Facts About Homelessness† par. 4). With the growing community of homeless people one-fourth of that is to be composed of homeless children. A person under the age of eighteen years old who have an absence of proper housing vital for a standard person and teens who were abandoned or thrown out are considered homeless children (â€Å"Homeless Facts† par. 13). The children who are considered homeless typically do not have an ample range of opportunities that will help them flourish in their future. The rate of poverty was drastically improved when their educational opportunities were expanded (â€Å"Education Is an Important Part of a Strategy to Combat Poverty† par.19). Homeless children should have an e ducation opportunity because it can help our poverty rate, improve the future of the youth, and create better experiences for them as a child. Homelessness has become remarkably common in the United States since the growth of poverty has become so rapid. Researchers Ralph Hambrick and Gary Johnson state â€Å"An earthquake or hurricane metaphor no longer applies because homelessness is no longer considered an emergency.† (â€Å"The Future of Homelessness† par.10). These days homelessness is not compared to something so devastating like a naturalShow MoreRelatedFinancial Planning During Economic Crisis1571 Words   |  7 Pagescards in order to preserve my good credit history. I also decide which credit card(s) will be used and have one that is reserved for cases of emergency. The credit cards serve as a back-up or cushion in this hard times but I don t abuse usage. 4. Look out for available options- I utilize my laptop to search for free entertainment like games, mus ic and social networking like Facebook that keep me busy aside from household chores. There are some fun things to do without spending too much like yardRead MorePersuasive Essay About Hair1036 Words   |  5 PagesText 1 Choosing the right conditioner can be extremely difficult, especially if you aren’t a hair expert yourself. The first step in making your decision should be to determine what type of hair you have. Whether it’s oily or dry can immensely change what you need. For some people, conditioner merely adds to their problem because of their hair being oily already. To combat this, they could avoid hair conditioners promising to hydrate their hair. Instead, they might go for an option more suited towardsRead MoreWalking For Exercise And Weight Loss1026 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen so easy. Today s technology lets you take your music, a podcast or audiobooks right along with you. Before you realize it you could be walking long distances and dropping weight without even trying. Weight loss isn t the only benefit of taking up walking as your exercise of choice. Regular walking helps lower cholesterol, cuts the risk of type 2 diabetes, builds bone strength and improves your circulation - all huge benefits to the body throughout your lifetime. What many people forget isRead MoreMy First Day At School974 Words   |  4 Pagesformation no-one had seen before. â€Å"Hello Harper†¦Good to see you looking so lively today! How are you feeling this morning?† Harper didn’t know how to respond. She was expecting to get in more trouble after escaping to the bar the night before, yet neither Matron nor the Director seemed to be offering any reprimand. An uncomfortable silence ensued. â€Å"How is your foot? Are you in pain?† The Director seemed genuinely concerned about her foot. â€Å"Okay thank you. My foot doesn’t hurt.† Harper lied about her footRead MoreThe Theology Of Interruptions - Original Writing1304 Words   |  6 PagesI have been complaining that my work was constantly interrupted. Then as I neared the end of my life I discovered that the interruptions were my work.† (Reaching Out, 1986) Jesus lived with the highest and clearest sense of direction; yet, if we look more closely, His life was a continuous series of diversions, delays, and off- the-cuff plans. He paid attention to interruptions as he directed his life toward one overarching purpose and that was to get to Jerusalem and die. He noticed everythingRead More The Waffle House Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe Waffle House    Its late one Friday night. You, accompanied by a select group of your closest friends, drive down the interstate, wanting desperately to be at home in the warmth of your bed. Suddenly, the lot of us sees the sign. Like a beacon it is, summoning us to it like proverbial moths to a flame. Forgetting about the need for sleep, we turn onto the off ramp, a string of drool dripping down and off of your chin. Waffle House, we say with a gleam in our eyes, we have arrivedRead More1984 Dystopian Society Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesbefore the Thought Police come for them. As readers go along this novel, one may develop a sense of similarity and how illustrations used in 1984’s society coincides with today’s world society such as doublethink, Newspeak, and Big Brother. â€Å"You must fit in,† â€Å"you must stand out.† â€Å"Do not lie,† â€Å"do not say anything that is rude.† It is assured that most have heard of these phrases. Whether one hears these phrases occasionally or altogether, we come to perceive that these phrases contradict each otherRead MoreA High School Dropout Is Not An Organization2581 Words   |  11 Pageschange. The most addicted alcoholic can become not intoxicated. The most dysfunctional families can transform themselves. A high school dropout can become a very efficacious executive. Changing habits is not just a matter of willpower, despite what you‟ve probably learned. Sure, we all have habits we‟ve tried to break and failed. And good habits we‟ve tried to acquire and dropped. But the real impediment to change for most people is not a lack of determination it‟s a lack of understanding how habitRead More The American Way to Boost Self-Esteem Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Way to Boost Self-Esteem So youre suffering from low self-esteem, lacking in self-confidence, and not excited about your less-than-perfect body. No problem! Its nothing a new haircut, wardrobe change, or visit to the gym cant solve, right? Not any more, apparently. Gone are the days when body image problems are solved through friends, exercise, or counseling. Gone too is the era of au naturel and unaltered body parts. More and more people these days, especiallyRead MoreThe Story Of The Details Of His Gold-Smuggling Operation 1096 Words   |  5 Pagesopen 24/7. I call and you answer. Especially when you have Rorisang with you. And... you must be there when I pick her up. So you can give me an update. - Mapule was there... - Mapule was off this weekend... She didnt even know the child had a runny nose. Thats if you even noticed. Did you give Rorisang anything? - Because the flu can get out of hand... - Whoa, whoa, whoa. Stop right there. - Who are you to come here and dictate to me? - I am your daughters mother! You cant come here and

Gay Marriage Should Be Accepted And Respected - 932 Words

Homosexuality has become a significant factor among individuals in today’s society. Once a taboo that was never discussed, many people hid their sexual orientation. Now, homosexuality has become more common as newer generations have become more open-minded. The rise in the LGTB movement has allowed people to openly express their sexuality without being discriminated against. Although homosexuality has become more socially acceptable, some states still have anti-gay laws and there are numerous individuals who believe that gay marriage is harmful and unnatural. Hozier’s â€Å"Take Me to Church,† Demi Lovato’s â€Å"Really Don’t Care† and Macklemore’s â€Å"Same Love† demonstrate society’s discrimination of homosexuals and why homosexuality should be accepted and respected through the lyrics and images in the videos. The music videos â€Å"Take Me to Church† by Hozier, â€Å"Same Love† by Macklemore and â€Å"Really Don’t Care† by Demi Lovato portray how individuals should be able to fall in love with whomever they want, no matter to which sex. Andrew Hozier-Byrne, known professionally as Hozier is an Irish singer and songwriter from Bray, County Wicklow. Hozier was a struggling musician but his single â€Å"Take Me to Church† was a huge hit, topping charts around the world and number two in the U.S. Ben William Haggerty, known by his stage name Macklemore, is an American rapper. He often works with producer and DJ Ryan Lewis and the two have created many successful works together. Demi Lovato is an AmericanShow MoreRelated Let Gays Marry and Leave Marriage Alone Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pageswill summarize some of the key points from the essay, Let Gays Marry, by Andrew Sullivan, and the essay, Leave Marriage Alone, by William Bennett. Some of these main po ints are taken from mutual beliefs of both authors and others are derived from the opposing opinions of the two. The first summary of Andrew Sullivan’s essay is a reflection of Andrew Sullivan’s stance of the issue. The original essay was in favor of allowing same sex marriage in America. My summary will dictate some of the argumentsRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage1286 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship that is â€Å"morally right†. When speaking on gay marriage, there are typically two views. To some it is just absouletly disgusting, and then to others it’s a beautiful thing. â€Å" Opponents of Same Sex Marriage say marriage is between a man and a woman and anything else is morally wrong( â€Å"At Issue : Same Sex Marriage†) As a human being , whose right is it to tell someone who they can and can not love. Sometimes people may disagree with gay marriage on a spiritual level, but who is to say one person’sRead MoreEssay on The Right to Same Sex Marriage1590 Words   |  7 PagesSame sex marriage is a highly controversial topic that has be en lingering in America for some time now. The American society prides itself in the provision of equal rights and opportunities to all, yet, homosexuals continue to be discriminated against and denied their rights to marriage. It is often believe that â€Å"marriage is a commitment between two people that love each other and want to share the rest of their life side by side. It is not measured by whether it is a man and a woman, or a coupleRead MoreHomosexual Articles On The Usa Vs. Saudi Arabia1537 Words   |  7 PagesUSA vs. Saudi Arabia. The word Gay originally derived from Germanic word that has a meaning of â€Å"joyful, carefree, happy, bright, and showy† in the 17th century. Around the 19th century the word Gay turned out to be referred to a woman who was a prostitute and a gay man was the man who slept with a lot of women (Hiskey). It could be sort of ironical today that a gay man doesn’t sleep with women and a gay woman (Lesbian) doesn’t sleep with men. By 1955, the word gay officially acquired the new addedRead MoreEssay about The Case for Gay Marriage1673 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical debate over the decisive issue of gay marriage forces us to rethink our commitment to those deliberate words. Throughout our history, America’s homosexual population has struggled against society to prove that they have the right to marry anyone they love, regardless of sex. Until only recently, in fact, the vast majority of Americans have held steadfast views against the legalization of gay marriage. But in the most recent decade, gay marriage activists have made significant progressRead MoreSocial Media And Social Movements1190 Words   |  5 Pagesfor activism it can expose people s conscious about diverse predicaments or movements occurring around the globe. In today s contemporary society people had the power to create a significant change in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) community by having same sex marriage legalized in all 50 states. The hashtag #LoveWins became possible in the United States by social and physical activism which included engagement with social networks. For many decades the LGBT community have facedRead MoreSame Sex Marriages Should Be Legal1713 Words   |  7 PagesSame-sex marriages have a same gender identity or biological as gay and lesbian couples. Not a long time ago, people did not understand about gays, homosexualities, and these married situations. Therefore, they have many false ideas about gays and think homosexuality is against God and nature. After many years, gay people fought for same-sex rights and had many improvements in understanding these relations. Besides, more people had open minds to homosexuality and accepted gay marriages. AccordingRead MoreGeorge Chauncey, Why Marriage?1245 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Chauncey, Why Marriage?: The History Shaping Today s Debate over Gay Equality, 2004 Nisha Chittal, Judges Chip Away at Florida Gay Marriage Ban, msnbc.com, July 26, 2014 Jeffrey M. Jones, Same-Sex Marriage Support Solidifies Above 50% in U.S., Gallup.com, May 13, 2013 Stonewall Rebellion, www.nytimes.com, Apr. 10, 2009 Goldberg, Carey (February 10, 2000). Vermont Panel Shies From Gay Marriage. New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2013. https://www.isidewith.com/poll/965633 Read MoreMarriage is the most powerful way for couples to show their love. However, it will be unfair for1200 Words   |  5 Pages Marriage is the most powerful way for couples to show their love. However, it will be unfair for someone to try and negate the rights of married couples. Therefore, all types of marriages including gay marriages should be legalized since couples deserve equal rights and freedom. Opponents of gay marriage point out that it is against God’s laws, but they forget that the same Bible also promotes equality regardless of gender, race and religion. Moreover, if marriage is all about love, then thoseRead MoreEssay about Phi 103 Final Gay Marriage1230 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Why Gay Marriage Should Be Legal PHI103 EraniaSmallwood Instructor Elisa Paik May 31,2013 Gay marriage should be legal because as woman and man, all individuals have the same right in society; because same-sex couples can constitute a good based family; because it is just a way to make official a common union nowadays, even with the religious issue; because it is not related to polygamy; and because love matters and it does not differ in nature according to

Development in the Use of Technology in the U.S Maritime Industry

Question: Discuss about the Development in the Use of Technology in the U.S Maritime Industry. Answer: There has been a great achievement in the maritime industry in terms of efficiency. This industry is the back-bone of world with 90% of the trade being moved by the commercial shipping industry. The increased efficiency has resulted in low cost of moving products across the globe. The world-wide sea trade has expanded rapidly over the last 40 years and is now past 6 billion tons per year. With a yearly growth rate of about 0.25. The governments have reduced their trade regulations over the past years something that has seen a rise in the specialization in various regions across the globe. Asian countries have now majored in manufacturing something which largely depends on container shipment as a form of transport to the designated markets overseas. In the case of the United States, the consumption of petroleum products has risen even though domestic production trend is observed to be going down. With this information, we can easily predict a significant growth in the sea importations with crude oil and liquefied natural gas being the major products. This growing demand for imports by the U.S and the climate which is continuously changing is expected to expand resource exploration in the Arctic region making efficient and environmental protective deep-sea shipping to of a very important to the economy of the United States. (Noble, 2008) The maritime transportation industry has made significant development in its effectiveness over the past 50 years. There has been a reduction in the cost of shipping heavy loads, something which has resulted in lower cost of the product to the consumers. (Noble, 2008). Technological advancement has seen a rise in new concepts such as container ships and liquefied natural gas carriers something which has changed entirely how products are moved. Other significant areas improved as well are the reduction in the labour force supply demanded in the industry, shipbuilding productivity, the efficiency of operations and the economies of scale brought about using large marine transporters. (Noble, 2008) The maritime transport industry has several sectors which need to interact effectively for it to deliver overall system efficiency. This component range from carriers to safety apparatus. In addition, it needs a great supply of very skilled labour force the U.S marine transport also has numerous faces ranging from sea sabotage to great river navigation (Noble, 2008) Even though an expanding effective and efficient maritime industry is of a significance important to the economy of the United States this case analysis focuses on the unemployment rate rising from the increasing automation of the industry and the remedies that may be out in place to maintain the stability of the economy Problem The push for full automation of the maritime ports if facing a stiff resistance from the shore men whose jobs are at a stake. Companies and the U.S government view automation as a cost-effective measure in addition to increasing efficiency and speed of operations in the ports. This is not the case with trade unions to them automation is just a source of unemployment. The ports in California apparently handle around 40%of the entire U.S container traffic with the number expected to go up the battle for automation seems to be the optimum point. (O'Reilly, 2017) Significance of the Problem Over the past decades, there has been an upward trend in the world population growth rate, with technology having the tendency to generate fewer jobs than it erases it seems to be an enemy of economic progress. This according to the trade unions representing the many workers who are losing their jobs annually due to the technological advancements. The U.S maritime industry is one of the largest in the world and loss in jobs here will affect a large (Okalow, 2013) Its therefore of a significance, just like the way government agencies are combining forces with the industries to enhance automation they should also work with similar effort to help solve the unemployment factor. Two Alternative Actions Industries cannot be relied upon to reduce the unemployment being caused by automation. This is because to the management its all about cutting cost with the objective of profit maximization. That leaves the burden of restoring the imbalance caused in the job market by the automation to the U.S national and states government. As unemployment rises the demand for products also drops, this way the private sector is generating less capital as the individuals are having less money to spend, hence they cannot counter the unemployment. The government through increasing its spending can create more jobs. A great percentage of the government work for the government and a million others in projects which are funded by the government. By expanding the investment in public goods such as the infrastructure the government will be able to absorb more jobless citizens. Also, it can invest more in capacity development such as education and research. (Ettlinger, 2011) capacity development will be of great help as the current labour force may get a chance to advance their knowledge and hence be able to match the changes brought about by the automation. The government might also diversify the economy away from reliance on the maritime industry. As a second remedy, the government can implement policies to slow down the automation process this way giving the economy time to adjust to the disadvantaged of automation something which can be a short term solution.it takes years for people to gain some special skills so if the government can monitor the automation process to match this it may help its citizens especially the ones whose jobs are et the risk of being taken by technology. Recommendations As discussed above automation leads to efficiency speed and cost-effectiveness measures. For this purpose, its just obvious to see the increased urge to automate most if not all the process in the maritime industry. The challenges its facing the major one being increased loss of jobs is a situation which must just be handled on its own. This is because as competition tightens in the business sector governments and the businesses will have no option but to come up with cost effective techniques to improve their competitiveness. Hence as the government should just step in through fiscal or monetary policies to increase the number of jobs in the market Automation is here to stay and the best everyone assisted by the government can do is to increase their knowhow to match the developments. Increasing investments in the infrastructure, research, and education combined with economic diversification the maritime industry can as well be left to make use of technology. Furthermore this automation will in the long run results into affordable products something which will eventually lower the cost of living and hence reduce the effect of the unemployment rate. References Ettlinger, H. B. (2011). Center for American progress. Retrieved from Government spending can create jobs: https://www.americanprogress.org Noble, K. M. (2008). Transportation Infrastructure. National Academy of engeneering. Okalow, S. (2013, April 11). Canadian Business. Retrieved from https://www.canadianbusiness.com O'Reilly, A. (2017). Automation of port terminals threatens thousands of lucrative dock worker jobs. Fox News.

Ozymandias Essays - Ramesses II, Sonnets, Ozymandias,

Ozymandias "Ozymandias" to express to us that possessions do not mean immortality. He used very strong imagery and irony to get his point across throughout the poem. In drawing these vivid and ironic pictures in our minds, Shelley was trying to explain that no one lives forever, and nor do their possessions. Shelley expresses this poem's moral through a vivid and ironic picture. A shattered stone statue with only the legs and head remaining, standing in the desert, the face is proud and arrogant, "Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read"(lines, 4-6). On the pedestal of the statue, there are these words, ?"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!'"(Lines, 10-11). However, all that surrounds the statue is a desert. This poem is written to express to us that possessions don't mean immortality, the king who seemed to think that his kingdom would remain under his statue's haughty gaze forever, ironically teaches us this through his epitaph. "Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"(Line, 11) becomes good advice, though in an opposite meaning than the king intended, for it comes to mean that despite all the power and might one acquires in the course of their life, material possessions will not last forever. In the end, the King's "works" are nothing, and the lines inscribed upon his statue are a sermon to those who read it. This is a poem about art. Shelley used imagery and a very impressive ironical way to write this poem. Basically, the poem is divided into two parts; the first eight lines are describing an ancient decayed sculpture seen by a traveler. The last six lines however talk about the words on the pedestal and the desolate surroundings; he contrasts the great sculpture with the surrounding emptiness, which gave a stronger feeling about the poem. In Shelley's work, it described the visage "sneer of cold command"(Line, 5). From this you can imagine a very conceited, arrogant pharaoh, commanding his people building this great vast statue hoping his power would be immortality. And when this great piece of work is done, he demanded to put such words on the pedestal: ?"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings. Look at my works, ye Mighty and despair!"'(Lines, 10-11). Ozymandias seemed to think that as long as his sculpture was there, his kingdom would last forever. But according to this poem, after hundreds and thousands of years, the only thing left is sand and the rotting and decaying sculpture. Shelley wrote, " Nothing beside remains"(line, 12) after the words " Look at my works,"(line, 11). This is really sarcastic because the prior sentence was just talking about how great and fabulous this sculpture was and how the king thought about possessing his kingdom forever this way. Then, the next sentence comes with- "Nothing beside remains"(line, 12). Shelley is trying to tell us something through this vivid and ironic picture described in the poem, which is no one lives forever, and nor do their possessions. In the poem, this pharaoh thought that even if he past away, his kingdom, power and possessions would still remain the same, and forever this way. But in reality, it's impossible. Like the poem said, the king's work became nothing, only shattered statue with legs and head left, lying in the desert. Shelley put a clear image in all our minds when he talked about the power and desires of this mighty king. All Ozymandias wanted was immortality, which everyone in this world, even today, would die for. Who knows, maybe that was the key to the king's impractical dream.

Describe the Factors Affecting Majority Influence Essays

Describe the Factors Affecting Majority Influence Essays Describe the Factors Affecting Majority Influence Essay Describe the Factors Affecting Majority Influence Essay A study was carried out by Solomon Asch which showed the factors which affected majority influence. In his study he wanted to see how group pressure affects group tasks with an obvious answer. The method he used to carry out this study was by using eight male students were arranged around a table but only one of them however was a real participant who turns up late and the others were confederates of the researchers. The task was to identify out of the 3 lines shown on a board which of the lines (A, B or C) was the same length as the test line (X). They answered out loud in turn and the confederates were all told to answer the same incorrect letter. The real participant had a chance to see what the other participants’ answers were, but not right at the end as he may become suspicious. It was important for him to see what the other participants’ answers were because when it was his turn to answer, the researcher gets an idea if the participant’s answer had been influenced by the majority. Asch found that 32% of the genuine participants conformed on the trials and only 26% of people never conformed. From this study, it is shown that group size is an important factor which affects majority influence, the larger the group size the more conformity there is; but only to a point. After about 5 or 6 people, Asch found that more people had very little difference on the amount of conformity. This may be due to the fact that people have guessed the purpose of the experiment. Another factor is majority size and the presence of an ‘ally’. If the majority is unanimous, conformity is much more likely, but if there is even one other person disagreeing with the majority even if it isnt the same as your own opinion then the levels of conformity drops dramatically especially if there is someone who continually disagrees. Asch also investigated that the method of making a decision was another factor, when the participants make their decision by writing it down, conformity fell, this is because the decision is more private and the participant is more removed from it. If a decision is made anonymously and by writing it down such as voting, the levels of conformity are zero since nobody will know what you have written. Another very important factor is personal characteristics as younger adolescents between the age of 12/13 to 15/16 were the most likely age group to conform.

Jimmy Carter - 39th President of the United States

Jimmy Carter - 39th President of the United States Jimmy Carters Childhood and Education: James Earl Carter was born on October 1, 1924 in Plains, Georgia. He grew up in Archery, Georgia. His father was a local public official. Jimmy grew up working in the fields to help bring in money. He attended public schools in Plains, Georgia. After high school, he attended Georgia Institute of Technology before being accepted into the U.S. Naval Academy in 1943 from which he graduated in 1946. Family Ties: Carter was the son of  James Earl Carter, Sr., a farmer and public official and Bessie Lillian Gordy, a Peace Corps volunteer. He had two sisters, Gloria and Ruth, and a brother, Billy. On  July 7, 1946, Carter married  Eleanor Rosalynn Smith. She was his sister Ruths best friend. Together they had three sons and one daughter. His daughter, Amy, was a child while Carter was in the White House. Military Service: Carter joined the navy from 1946-53. He began as an ensign. He attended submarine school and was stationed aboard the submarine Pomfret. He was then placed in 1950 on an anti-sub submarine. He then went on to study nuclear physics and was chosen to serve as an engineering officer on one of the first atomic submarines. He resigned from the navy in 1953 upon the death of his father. Career Before the Presidency: After leaving the military in 1953, he returned to Plains, Georgia to help on the farm upon his fathers death. He expanded the peanut business to the point of making him very wealthy. Carter served in the Georgia State Senate from 1963-67. In 1971, Carter became the governor of Georgia. In 1976, he was the dark horse candidate for president. The campaign centered around Fords pardon of Nixon. Carter won by a narrow margin with 50% of the vote and 297 out of 538 electoral votes. Becoming the President: Carter declared his candidacy for the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination in 1974. He ran with the idea of restoring trust after the debacle of Watergate. He was opposed by Republican President Gerald Ford. The vote was very close with Carter winning 50% of the popular vote and 297 out of 538 electoral votes. Events and Accomplishments of Jimmy Carters Presidency: On Carters first day in office, he issued a pardon for all those who dodged the draft in the  Vietnam War  era. He did not pardon deserters, however. Nonetheless, his actions were offensive to many veterans.   Energy was a huge issue during Carters administration. With the  Three Mile Island  incident, stricter regulations on Nuclear Energy plants were required. Further, the  Department of Energy  was created. Much of Carters time as president was spent dealing with diplomatic issues. In 1978,  President Carter  invited Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin to Camp David for peace talks. This led to a formal peace treaty in 1979. In 1979, diplomatic relations were formally established between China and the U.S. On November 4, 1979, the U.S. embassy in Tehran, Iran was seized and 60 Americans were taken hostage. 52 of the hostages were held for more than a year. Carter suspended oil imports from Iran and the UN Security Council called for the release of the hostages. He imposed economic sanctions. He also attempted in 1980 to rescue the hostages. However, three helicopters malfunctioned and they were unable to follow through with the rescue. Eventually, the Ayatollah Khomeini agreed to release the hostages in exchange for unfreezing Iranian assets in the U.S. They were not released, however, until Reagan was president. The hostage crisis was part of the reason that Carter did not win reelection. Post-Presidential Period: Carter left the presidency on January 20, 1981 after losing to Ronald Reagan. He retired to Plains, Georgia. He became an important figure in Habitat for Humanity. Carter has been involved in diplomatic endeavors including helping forge an agreement with North Korea. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. Historical Significance: Carter was president at a time when energy issues came to the forefront. During his time, the Department of Energy was created. Further, the Three Mile Island incident showed possible problems inherent in relying on nuclear energy. Carter is also important for his part in the Middle East peace process with the Camp David Accords in 1972.

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Strategic Marketing - Essay Example ters five forces is that it puts pressure on businesses to improve products, services and the organization itself by implementing new â€Å"methods, technologies, and techniques† to improve quality and to cut costs (Miller 2000, p. 101). In practice we have seen these five forces in action. For example, Japanese automakers have taken the lead from Toyota and entered the Western markets. Likewise, European suppliers like Bosch and Valeo have entered the market in Asia. In another example, shortages in steel and aluminum together with higher prices have put increasing pressure on suppliers with the result that they have decidedly settled for decreased profits (Simon 2009, p. 195). Founder of Boston Consulting Group, Bruce Henderson theorized that competition is natural and in its natural form, competitors must refrain from competing in exactly the same way and the same place and the same time. The fact is, it is the differences between competitors that that give one competitor an advantage over the other or others (Stern and Deimler 2006, p. 4). There is a large variety of competitive elements with an equally large number of variables. These variables include, size, conduct and traits that are not coincidental but entirely â€Å"inevitable† (Stern and Deimler 2006, p. 4). This is natural competitor which exhibits a number of observable patterns including the fact that some competitors will constrain the natural factors of competition and therefore alter it. As a result, the â€Å"frontiers or boundaries of competition parity† will be in a constant state of change (Stern and Deimler 2006, p. 5). As a result of these changes, there will be persistent tensions when competition is equal and little if any tension where there is superior competition. An uneven military conflict serves as an appropriate example. In the application of Stern’s theory, competition drives firms to watch their respective industries and to make changes necessary for creating

Unit3 - Individual Project - Project starting, Planning, Executing and Essay

Unit3 - Individual Project - Project starting, Planning, Executing and Closing - Essay Example Sales department in the process requires additional personnel due to their extensive work in the organization. The hiring process however must be a competitive one so as to obtain the best brains that can participate in the market research and analysis. Therefore, the company will advertise for the positions and applications made through the human resource manager. Qualified candidates will be shortlisted and notified for the interviews date. The interviews are then done in phases through a panel selected by the company so that biasedness is minimized and every one given an equal chance in the job select (Cleland & Gareis, 2006). After the interviews, suited candidates are selected and taken under reviews again so that best out of the best can be determined before recruitment takes place. Sales department is quiet critical in the success of the company as it is the department that ensures revenues are conveyed in the organization. Its activities in the market determines what manufacturing department will produce since it establishes the equilibrium in supply and demand for the company (Hasen, 2012). Hence for any extra unit that the corporation will produce, sales department must work more hard for it to be sold in the market hence need for training of the personnel. The department is also concerned with identifying the market niche of the various markets so as to establish new customers to the company’s product and its development to increase productivity and revenues to the firm while acquiring a bigger market share to the company. This can only be achieved by well trained personnel in the modern science so that they can undertake an extensive research on issues and have a broader knowledge of the market segmentations and operations. (Mathur, 2006) To achieve this, the personnel must be trained to be well equipped with the research methodologies as the success of the company achieving the goals and objectives solely lies with the sales department and

Symbolized and What it Meant to America Essay Example for Free

Symbolized and What it Meant to America Essay Though the negative preconception of the general American public was the widely carried message of newspapers before and during the early days of the said event, this is not what was covered by Colliers article since it was released during the last day of the event already. Therefore, what the article presented as the sentiment of America for the event, in the context of what happened during the supposedly last day of the event, was that of respect and commendation over the behavior of the hundred thousands youths who attended the event. This is exemplified by the same paragraphs in the previous page that Collier used to convey a positive image for the event. If we are to extract the American sentiment over the event from those few that were interviewed for the article, it could be viewed that America was surprised by and approved of the behavior of the participants, which was characterized by astonishing courtesy, order, and harmony. Coming from an explicit expectation of negative behavior from the youth who were going to attend the event, it could have really been such a pleasant surprise to America that the youth was able to rise above all their preconceived notions. However, it would be also reasonable to imagine that along with the positive perception of the American public over the relative success of the event was the concern over what was revealed the prevailing culture of drugs among the youth. With the reports of the event showcasing how drugs adversely affects the health of the youth and even lead to death and how the youth blatantly welcome such practices and even treats it as a culture, there is little argument that the rest of America who are not part of the said generation and culture is worried over the possible results of such a phenomenon in the long run. Thus, basing from Collier’s article, it could be said that America’s perception of the event could have been a mixture of both positive and negative things. Positive in terms of respect over the triumph of the American youth in staging such a peaceful display of unity, and negative in terms of their concern over the impending effect of the youth’s blatant drug practices. However, the respect for the youth and their generation’s culture that has been planted by the event in the hearts and minds of the American people is something that could not be erased for generations to come. A. What the Event Symbolized and What it Meant to America In Collier’s article, what was portrayed as the symbolism of Woodstock for those who participated in it was â€Å"an incredible unification† of people. Woodstock, for the youth who attended it, was the fulfillment of their thrilling expectation of being able to meet strangers who shared their practices, beliefs, and culture. The event was also a fulfillment of the youth’s eagerness to experiment with drugs along with all the other people of their generation. This is based form a paragraph in Colliers article . As for the rest of America who were not there at Woodstock and who were not part of the culture that Woodstock fostered, the event could still have symbolized a positive thing. For them, Woodstock could have been a symbol that though the youth of America have been practicing a culture entirely different from that of the previous generations, that does not mean that the generation was of no good. Woodstock could have well been a symbol that the youth of that day deserved to be respected for being the beautiful people that they are and for the beautiful things that they are able to do, beyond the prejudice that they have been faced with. For America, Woodstock could have meant that where their youth puts their heart into, there would also be peace, harmony, and beauty.

Communicating Through Music in Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin Essay

Historically, strong family relationships have been emphasized by American society. Strong family ties have been significant to maintaining healthy lifestyles and relationships across many cultures, including African American culture. Sonny, the younger brother in James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, has suffered from a heroin addiction which caused him to separate from both his parents and his older brother. The essay portrays two brothers who struggle with their difficult Harlem environment, cultural issues, and their emotional detachment from one another. As the brothers struggle with their inner conflicts and outward environmental struggles, they are reunited through a common theme in the essay: music. Baldwin empowers Sonny with a gift of extraordinary musicianship, and uses this gift to enlighten and empower the narrator. Baldwin’s essay narrates the trials of the narrator on his journey to self- discovery and the brothers trial of rebuilding their brotherly bond with music as their guide. The essay uses music as a form of communication between the brothers and symbolizes it as a powerful force in their relationship. In Baldwin’s essay, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, the narrator and Sonny are empowered through music, and through this empowerment, the music is able to rekindle and rebuild the brothers relationship. During the first half of the 20th century, Harlem became a mecca for African American culture and ideas. Home to the Harlem Renaissance, Harlem housed many influential African American leaders and influenced much of African American culture of the 20th century. Harlem’s population exploded during the 1920s-30s due to the Harlem Renaissance, and continued to expand until reaching its peak during the 1950s. The decade of the 195... ...frican American Musicians as Artists, Critics, and Activists. Berkeley, CA: University of California, 2002. 54-100. EBSCOhost. Web. 8 May 2015. "Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin." Short Story Criticism. Ed. Anna Sheets-Nesbitt. Vol. 33. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. 115-157. Literature Criticism Online. Gale. Web. 3 May 2015. http://galenet.galegroup.com.db24.linccweb.org/servlet/LitCrit/lincclin_spjc/FJ3593150004 Tracey, Sherard. "Sonny’s Bebop: Baldwin's "Blues Text" as Intracultural Critique." African American Review32.4 (1998): 691-705. JSTOR. Web. 9 May 2015. .

Why Is Reality T.V. so Popular?

Why Is Reality T. V. So Popular? It would be difficult to find an hour of the day when a reality television show isn’t on. What exactly is the appeal of reality television that has so many viewers completely hooked? Why has the popularity of reality TV spanned all socio-economic statuses, age groups, and education levels? Perhaps it’s the unscripted glimpse you get into other people’s lives that helps take the focus off present troubles, or makes everyone’s day to day lives seem a little less â€Å"crazy. Whatever it is that draws reality TV fans in, this fairly new phenomenon has certainly taken the entertainment industry by storm. Let’s take a look at some possible reasons the popularity of reality TV continues to grow. Voyeurism . It's the reason traffic backs up when there's a horrific car crash – we just want to look. Reality stars have the lack of embarrassment we often wish we had, but more often than not, are glad we don't. Admit it. In your head you've smacked a thousand snotty girls or meat headed guys across the face.We all dream of having an excuse to get into a fist fight, just to show what we've got. Well reality stars have found their excuse – the camera – and we'll keep watching as long as they've got punches to throw I don't think I'm taking a huge leap here by saying that reality TV stars aren't the sharpest tools in the shed. Let's remember that these are people who are knowingly exploiting their personal lives for a little cash and fifteen minutes of fame. Reality stars can, however, be depended upon for one thing.When a delicate situation arises, that requires proper judgment, clear thinking, and caution, reality stars will without failure, make the wrong choice. This is great for us because we can learn from them. We can learn what not to do in almost any situation, and their flagrant disregard for logic, can be our guiding light. Our daily lives require a lot of mental energy. Our j obs our stressful and challenging, and often our personal lives are even worse. Our minds are constantly being taxed and drained.Who wants to come home and escape by turning on entertainment with substance? I don't know about you, but after a long day of thinking, I can't handle substance. I want fluff – pure, unadulterated fluff. The less I have to think to understand what I'm watching the better, and luckily, reality TV requires no thought at all. The popularity of reality TV shouldn't come as a surprise considering the fact that we live in a culture that worships vanity, rather than virtue, and lives by the mantra of ‘He with the most toys lives,' rather than ‘He with the most joys lives. It's been said that circumstances don't make a man, they only reveal him. Likewise, reality TV is merely a reflection of what our society has become – a materialistically driven society where the love of power and money overcomes the power of love. It's a reflection of a society that is not only devoid of a solid wholesome value system, but is also separated from spiritual roots. It's also a culture that thrives on living on the edge, characterized by thrill-seeking and addictions.

Compare and Contrast of the The Shang-Zhou River Valley and Egypt

Egypt and the Shang-Zhou Dynasty were both powerful and influential civilization who faced similar ideas in their government, and defense strategies, but differed when it came to cultural rituals, and the use of natural resources.A solid form of government is essential to any civilization, and although Egypt and Shang-Zhou were both successful, they both used different and similar methods to conform to their religious and social standards.Egypt used a Pharaoh as their king, which they claim the pharaoh was sent from a god in order to maintain ma’at, the distinctive order of the universe. On the contrary, the Shang- Zhou Dynasty followed their own theory of the Mandate of Heaven. The Mandate of Heaven served as a foundation for the Chinese government for three thousand years, and was used when a ruler had neglected his duties such as dishonoring gods, expressing tyranny, or ignoring warning signs of disasters; heaven could remover this â€Å"mandate† and put it in the po ssession of a more worthy ruler or family.After a ruler has fulfilled their duties and depart the physical world, both Egypt and the Shang-Zhou dynasty honor them in every way possible, however both have separate rituals and beliefs in how they should be honored. In Egypt, the Pharaoh is built a remarkable pyramid in which their body is mummified, and buried deep down in the structure. During the Shang-Zhou Dynasty, the royal family and the elite families were not buried in a pyramid, but rather in tombs with many of possessions they might need in the afterlife.To run a successful government, there has to be order and record keeping to keep from conflict and having all property, belongings, etc. needs to be officially stated. The Egyptians developed their own writing, known as hieroglyphics, on papyrus to records all their statements. Instead of hieroglyphics and papyrus, the Shang-Zhou also developed their own writing of symbols which they wrote on oracle bones to keep order in the ir society. A significant connection between the two is that both civilizations were a theocracy because they both believed that their leader was divine and the closest to God. Both Egypt and the Shang-Zhou Dynasty shared the idea of charging taxes in exchange for landowning and service in the military.Charging taxes influenced many civilizations because in order to be a resident, some sort of service or duty had to be given in exchange. In retrospect, Egypt and the Shang-Zhou dynasty both shared similarities in their government which helped them grow as a large, powerful society, but also varied in some methods mostly because of religion beliefs.Environment plays an intense role in any region of the world because it determines the lifestyle for how that civilization will prosper over time. Being located in Africa, near the equator, Egypt has the consistent face of a hot, dry, and sunny climate. The Shang-Zhou dynasty territory is located  east of Africa and slightly towards the n orth. Therefore, Southern China gets heavy rainfall due to the monsoons in India and surrounding areas, and the northern part of China gets rainfall as well, but is inconsistent. Being that China gets a fair amount of rain, most of their agriculture is dependent on that rainfall. Instead of depending on rainfall, Egypt is primarily dependent on the Nile River which is the longest river and provides the best source of irrigation.A benefit to both the Shang-Zhou Dynasty and Egypt is that they both are in some way surrounded by natural barriers which serve as a mechanism for defense. Egypt has the Nile River which makes it difficult for invaders to get across to attack. The Shang-Zhou area has the Himalaya mountain range to the southwest, the Pamir and Tian Mountains and the Takla Makan Desert to the west, as well as the major rivers, the Yellow and the Yangtze, to also help to protect their society. Natural barriers are a huge advantage and blessing because they can distinctively mark territories as well as serve each civilization in a way as to help them advanced and develop while lowering the likelihood of getting attacked and weakening a civilization.The natural elements are what make a society capable of flourishing and both Egypt and the Shang-Zhou Dynasty used all of their resources to their advantage to prosgress into a sophisticated and highly respected culture and society.

Google Glass Research Paper

Google Glass Research Paper Marketing Plan for Google Glass Report Objective Project Google Glass was initiated in April 2013 and is aimed at integrating a head mounted display into an Android Smartphone (BUSINESS INSIDER, 2013, p. 54). Such a venture needs a comprehensive marketing plan and Google INC has ensured this by developing a marketing plan that entails pricing details of the product, launch criteria and preliminary budget calculations. This essay seeks to identify these key elements and provide an understanding of how the company will implement the plan. The Google Glass project entails the sale of wearable technologies therefore this essay will discuss the market potential of these technologies as well. Company Background Google is a multinational company that develops internet related products and services and avails them to its consumers. The firm was incorporated as a private company in 1998 (STUDYMODE WEBSITE, 2010, p. 43) and over the years, Google has managed to live to its customer expectations. The firm has developed high-end consumer products such as cloud computing and ADWords which are among its main sources of income. These online softwares and technologies have gone a long way to make necessary information readily available to its customer as stated in its mission statement. The Google glass plan involves an Eyewear that has an embedded camera, microphone GPS locator and an induction amplifier (STUDYMODE WEBSITE, 2010, p. 34). All these features sum up into a technological device that makes audible sounds to the user. The user can operate the Google glass using voice control. It is with no doubt that such a revolutionary gadget requires a sound marketing plan that will propel the company and product to greater heights. Marketing the gadget is a separate task of developing it. Poor marketing and pricing mechanisms could render the efforts of the company useless as was evident with the Bluetooth technology. Product Launch Announced in 2012, Google INC seeks to launch Google glass in late this year or early 2014 although a consumer sample of the product is set to be launched by the end of 2013 (MARKETING LAND WEBSITE, 2013, p.34). Google INC has maintained an open and transparent strategy to launch the Google glass. This is contrary to many technology based firms such as Apple INC (a major rival) which maintains secrecy throughout its product launches (MARKETING LAND WEBSITE, 2013, p. 52). The objective of maintaining a transparent strategy is to ensure they grasp market needs. Despite the transparency, Google INC maintains secrecy as regards date and location of launching the product. The device is limited to a small audience to build up and develops its ecosystem. Consequently, Google glass remains an experiment and research based project without an official date of release. Pricing Mechanisms and Strategy Google INC has developed an all-inclusive plan to back the launch of the product. Market segmentation is one way the company seeks to make the glass a success. The company has an initial recruitment plan whereby it has selected as few as 8000 consumers who will be the first official users of the device (KNOWLEDGE @ WHARTON, 2013,p. 47). This way, Google can get responses on how effective the glass is from the most appropriate applicants. The 8000 applicant will be spread out to enhance branding and awareness of the device. In addition to market segmentation, the company aims to design a product that is user friendly and does not reflect a geeky face. Being a wearable gadget, it is imperative for the company to design the product so as to meet consumer expectations. This move will ensure that the glass does not fail like the Bluetooth device (MARKETING STRATEGY, 2013,p .57). The company has also invited suggestions from the public on what they expected of the Google glass via social m edia sites like Twitter. In so doing, the firm aims to trim the project so as to satisfy and meet market demands. Google is a renowned company certainly capable of delivering a satisfactory end product given its level of technology and expertise in the marketing arena. Pricing of the glass remains unclear but a range of $ 250- $600 is estimated so as to make the gadget affordable. The preliminary budget for the launch of the device will be met by revenues generated from sale of the device. Another most likely way to monetize the project is through targeted advertising (ROB EDMONDS, 2012, p. 73). Market Potential The business Insider (2013) presents the Google glass market as a lucrative venture with significant potential of growth. In only 5 years, an estimated $ 11 billion industry is predicted. Google glass is expected to become a mainstream product by 2018 with sharp sales of close to 21 million units being projected. This will in turn translate to respectable profitability. Going by a figure of $500 per glass, a 10.5 billion annual market opportunity is realistic (Business Insider, 2013). This is of course dependent of various factors such as safety, developers’ interests and cultural barriers among others. Despite the negativity, the Google glass market presents a world of opportunities for users to interact with technology (CASSIDY, A., 2013, p.43). The company will be capable of generating profits through availing information easily to consumers. Moreover, Google is not the first company to come up with Eyewear technology. Most other companies for example, Epson, NEC and Vuzix have developed the concept before thus this is not a new trend in the eyeglass-display market. Marketing Plan and Implementation The marketing plan aims at exploring the attractive market composed of international business travelers between the ages of 24-36 years and technology enthusiasts between the ages of 21-40 (MARK RITSON, 2013, p. 68). This category comprises of the most of Google glass users. Teenagers who embrace technology are also a target group. The company seeks to place distributors in all potential markets and establish strategic relationships with key players in the mobile technology industry. Modern tactics such as mobile marketing, use of social networks and guerilla marketing are among the strategies the company has included in its plan. In addition, traditional forms of advertising such as billboards and commercials will certainly be used. Market segmentation will ensure the device does not face the same fate as the Bluetooth device. Contrary to what Bluetooth developers used, Google seeks to segment the market by targeting business professionals so as to give the device a more useful perc eption. Summary The company is certainly capable of pushing its Google glass plan forward and executing it as it has a solid marketing experience in the technology industry. The market also provides a number of possibilities for the industry’s growth. With this in mind, it is moderately accurate to conclude that the glass venture is capable of taking over the mobile industry and transforming it by bridging the gap on what is considered appropriate by the market and what is appropriate technology wise.

History and Invention of Gasoline

History and Invention of Gasoline Gasoline was not invented, it is a natural by-product of the petroleum industry, kerosene being the principal product. Gasoline is produced by distillation, the separating of the volatile, more valuable fractions of crude petroleum. However, what was invented were the numerous processes and agents needed to improve the quality of gasoline making it a better commodity. The Automobile When the history of the automobile was heading in the direction of becoming the number one method of transportation. There was created a need for new fuels. In the ​nineteenth century, coal, gas, camphene, and kerosene made from petroleum were being used as fuels and in lamps. However, automobile engines required fuels that needed petroleum as a raw material. Refineries could not convert crude oil into gasoline fast enough as automobiles were rolling off the ​assembly line. Cracking There was a need for improvement in the refining process for fuels that would prevent engine knocking and increase engine efficiency. Especially for the new high compression automobile engines that were being designed. The processes that were invented to improve the yield of gasoline from crude oil were known as cracking. In petroleum refining, cracking is a process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat, pressure, and sometimes catalysts. Thermal Cracking: William Meriam Burton Cracking is the number one process for the commercial production of gasoline. In 1913, thermal cracking was invented by William Meriam Burton, a process that employed heat and high pressures. Catalytic Cracking Eventually, catalytic cracking replaced thermal cracking in gasoline production. Catalytic cracking is the application of catalysts that create chemical reactions, producing more gasoline. The catalytic cracking process was invented by Eugene Houdry in 1937. Additional Processes Other methods used to improve the quality of gasoline and increase its supply including: Polymerization: converting gaseous olefins, such as propylene and butylene, into larger molecules in the gasoline rangeAlkylation: a process combining an olefin and paraffin such as isobutaneIsomerization: the conversion of straight-chain hydrocarbons to branched-chain hydrocarbonsReforming: using either heat or a catalyst to rearrange a molecular structure Timeline of Gasoline and Fuel Improvements 19th-century  fuels for the automobile were coal tar distillates and the lighter fractions from the distillation of crude oil.On September 5, 1885, the first gasoline pump was manufactured by Sylvanus Bowser of Fort Wayne, Indiana and delivered to Jake Gumper, also of Fort Wayne. The gasoline pump tank had marble valves and wooden plungers and had a capacity of one barrel.On September 6, 1892, the first gasoline-powered tractor, manufactured by John Froelich of Iowa, was shipped to Langford, South Dakota, where it was employed in threshing for approximately 2 months. It had a vertical single-cylinder gasoline engine mounted on wooden beams and drove a J. I. Case threshing machine. Froelich formed the Waterloo Gasoline Tractor Engine Company, which was later acquired by the John Deere Plow Company.On June 11, 1895, the first U.S. patent for a gasoline-powered automobile was issued to  Charles Duryea  of Springfield, Massachusetts.By the early  20th century, the oil companies w ere producing gasoline as a simple distillate from petroleum. During the 1910s, laws prohibited the storage of gasoline on residential properties.On January 7, 1913, William Meriam Burton received a patent for his cracking process to convert oil to gasoline.On January 1, 1918, the first U.S. gasoline pipeline began transporting gasoline through a  three-inch  pipe over 40 miles from Salt Creek to Casper, Wyoming.Charles Kettering  modified an internal combustion engine to run on kerosene. However,  kerosene-fueled  engine knocked and would crack the cylinder head and pistons.Thomas Midgley Jr.  discovered that the cause of the knocking was from the kerosene droplets vaporizing on combustion. Anti-knock agents were researched by Midgley, culminating in tetraethyl lead being added to fuel.On February 2, 1923, for the first time in U.S. history ethyl gasoline was marketed. This took place in Dayton, Ohio.In 1923, Almer McDuffie McAfee developed the petroleum industrys first commercially viable catalytic cracking process, a method that could double or even triple the gasoline yielded from crude oil  by then-standard  distillation methods. By the mid-1920s, gasoline  was  40 to 60 Octane.By the 1930s, the petroleum industry stopped using kerosene.Eugene Houdry invented the catalytic cracking of low-grade fuel into high test gasoline in 1937.During the 1950s, the increase of the compression ratio and higher octane fuels occurred. Lead levels increased and new refining processes (hydrocracking) began.In 1960, Charles Plank and Edward Rosinski patented (U.S. #3,140,249) the first zeolite catalyst commercially useful in the petroleum industry for catalytic cracking of petroleum into lighter products such as gasoline.In the 1970s, unleaded fuels were introduced.From 1970 until 1990 lead was phased out.In 1990, the Clean Air Act created major changes on gasoline, rightfully intended to eliminate pollution.

Is Feminism Still Necessary Within the United States Assignment

Is Feminism Still Necessary Within the United States - Assignment Example The paper will first consider what those who support a further form of feminism might say with regards to the prospect that the future holds and what extent need may still exist for feminism. Once this has been discussed with a level of depth and clarity, the analysis will then move on to some of the reasons for why such an approach necessarily guarantees that there will be perennial requirements for further feminism within the United States and elsewhere. Some of these requirements are concentric upon the religious mores that are currently exhibited within the current system; whereas others are merely an example of history and the cultural determinism that has helped to define the United States in the way that it is. Finally, the last portion of the analysis will argue the position of the author with relation to this issue.  Those that put forward the belief that further feminism is required in the United States generally point to sociological/demographic data. As such, this data helps to prove the point that a mere 60 years ago the presence of women in the workforce and their integration into distinct segments of society was practically unheard of. Naturally, the greatest liberation that was the culmination of this was the widespread availability of cheap contraceptives in the form of birth control pills. As history has proven, societies in which women have control over their biological clocks have the ability to pursue higher education, careers, and personal fulfillment without being saddled with the responsibilities of the family prior to the time in which they would otherwise choose to do so. Moreover, as a function of these recent development in the rights of women, specifically within the United States, but increasingly in other parts of the developed and developing world as well, proponents of such a point of views to the fact that is merely only a matter of time and human societal evolution until a true and complete understanding of global feminism i s realized.   As such, it is not reasonable to assume that the greatest achievements of parity have yet been accomplished within the United States.   For instance, a female’s pay is still substantially lower than that of a similarly trained and/or talented male.

Hills like White Elephants Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hills like White Elephants - Coursework Example The setting is in Spain, and the fact that the man speaks Spanish puts him in a decidedly advantageous position compared to the girl. Jig has to rely on the American while they are in Spain; or, it is likely, she had to rely on him in all the places they visited. Their relationship is one of imbalance and inequality. Jig is dependent on the American, and obviously she feels compelled to abide by his decision to abort their child, even though the man places the moral responsibility upon the woman (he pushes insistently on the operation being simple, but purports to go through the operation only if she wished). Hemingway meant for the setting to contribute to the central theme, which is Jig’s dilemma of undergoing the abortion. The symbolism is clear that the setting contrasted the barrenness of â€Å"this side† with the fruitfulness of â€Å"the other side.† The station is midway between the two. These are evident in the lines: â€Å"Across, on the other side, were fields of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. The shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain and she saw the river through the trees.† The setting is a symbolism for Jig being midway in deciding whether to have the abortion (barrenness) or having her child (fruitfulness). The shadow of the cloud moving across the field of grain shows that she may have considered that deciding to keep her child has become a dim prospect, in the face of the American’s insistence that the abortion is â€Å"an awfully simple operation.† The hills appearing like white elephants symbolizes the child they would have, which is now far off in the distance. The white elephant in Thailand is both blessing and curse – blessing because it is rare and considered valuable, curse because it may not be put to work and thus is fed and cared for

Criminal Justice and Deviance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice and Deviance - Essay Example The premise of this is a statement given by Congressman Hutchinson, stating that â€Å"Having lost its social stigma, bankruptcy ‘convenience’ filings have become a tool to avoid financial obligations rather than a measure of last resort.† (quoted in Thorne and Anderson, 2006, 147). This was also supported by Efrat (2005: 481), who attributed the lessening of stigma to the fact that â€Å"American society may have developed a more positive attitude towards the individual that was manifested by less anger and more sympathy with the plight of the individual.† Thus, if the theory is to be followed, there was no more shame to be had because of the acceptance of those who defaulted from debts. The findings of Thorne and Anderson, however, appear to suggest otherwise. In fact, instead of viewing personal bankruptcy as merely a product of rational economic choice and a strategy to stop payment of mounting debt, those who file for bankruptcy find themselves confron ting stigmatization and discrimination. Proof of this is their desire to conceal their bankruptcy from family members and associates whom they feel would be critical of what they perceive to be their fiscal mismanagement. To quote: Virtually every debtor whose parents were still living tried to withhold knowledge of the bankruptcy from them. Older debtors whose parents had passed away commented that "if they knew, they'd spin in their graves." One woman, whose father was visiting when the researcher arrived for the interview, nearly pushed the interviewer off the front steps out of fear (as she explained later) that if her father saw the researcher, he would ask disconcerting questions and potentially learn of the bankruptcy. If one looks at stigma as the social devaluation or deliberate alienation of an individual who deviates from a behavioural norm, such behavioural norm being â€Å"a shared belief of a particular social unit that individuals should act in a certain way under ce rtain circumstances† (Stafford and Scott (1986: 81), then it is fairly obvious that when something becomes common, or when there are enough individuals who file for bankruptcy, it ceases to be a reason for stigma. An analogy could be premarital sex. In the past, there were not a lot of people who engaged in premarital sex and hence it was a stigma. But now, because it had become fairly common, there was no reason to feel stigmatised or ashamed. Fay, Hurst and White (2002: 708) also suggested that households file for bankruptcy when it becomes economically beneficial for them to do so. This paper argues however, that stigmatisation still affects those who file for bankruptcy. The empirical data accumulated by Thorne and Anderson prove this, so do Sutton and Callahan who said that even firms experience stigmatisation. â€Å"The bankrupt firms we studied were often shunned by members of their organizational audiences. The leaders we interviewed were hurt and embarrassed.(1987: 4 06)†. The reason is simple: no matter how common poverty is, it still causes stigmatisation. Bankruptcy is an indication of poverty. It is an indication of inability to pay off one’s debts. Even if there are a lot of people doing it, it is still is a cause for shame when one admits in official documents that he or she is asking to be legally discharged from debts contracted. Since childhood, people have been programmed to aspire towards prosperity and a certain way of life. Bankruptcy is a signal that that aspiration has not been met and that,

Stages of Building Construction

Stages of Building Construction Building a project involves various stages including initial preparation of the clients brief, scheduling and research, specifications and construction development. Plans, designs and changes occur throughout a project, inevitably, therefore there must be a unified desire for communication, understanding and agreement. Design/Planning In order for a project to develop into an eventual success communication, understanding and agreement are essential. Comprehensive consultations concerning desires in terms of design, constructability and practicality are imperative. An insight into the clients personal requirements and expectations will also prove fundamental to sustain achievement. However clients are not always exact about all the characteristics of their requirements; professional teams therefore act as advisors. As opinions change plans will have to be altered consequently to accommodate the new needs (Ashworth 2005). Sufficient planning and designing must be undertaken before any sort of construction commences on any development. Planning consists of the early congregation of information and ideas before a detailed design and construction process is exemplified. During this period parties involved in the development should identify any particular requirements, discuss important issues, resolve any disparities if any and assign tasks amongst other requests. Before advanced designing and development can begin, planning authorities must consent to the proposed project after comprehensive assessment. In some cases warrants must be granted for building work to begin on a site, most contractors require this to demolish or build on a site (Civitelo 2007). As the size and/or scale of a project increases costs will ultimately also go up (Ashworth 2005), therefore the planning team will have to combine the design of the project with cost saving solutions. This may mean making sacrifices in terms of some materials used in the project; this will for example reduce costs and allow the funds to be transferred to building a project of larger magnitude as costs rise. For this reason the planning stage is extremely important as conclusions will have to be drawn as to how much space is actually required for the development, too little and the project could be considered a disaster, too much and it could prove wasteful. There are many standards and legislation in the construction industry; these are set up for the benefit of the client making use of the development. Other legislation on the other hand is aimed at protecting the environment and wildlife. The purpose of legislation is to provide a regulatory body to ensure the efficient build of safe places for work and handling. A forthright view held by many is that legislation and standards add to costs and are not munch benefit at all however these claims need to be carefully dissected. Legislative requirements are aimed at increasing safety and are approved by a professional body having conducted tests and analysis. Projects, however small, are affected by an immense set legislation; primarily because efficient development is profoundly reliant on safe places of work and the safe handling of construction material and plants. As a result of this projects will always consist of a large team including clients, engineers, architects, contractors, government and regulating bodies and labourers (Ashworth 2005). An addition to this team is lawyers. When plans are drawn up for a project the parties involved must agree to contracts containing clauses with regards the development in question. Content of the contract may include articles with contemplation to budget, time and materials amongst other clauses. These need to be carefully examined as they can prove to become the reason for the downfall of a failed project. During the design process planners and designers must outline the function and suitability of materials whilst taking into consideration economic and ecological consequences (Hinze 2010). Architects for example would be most involved in the design considerations of a project, however as some parts of a plan cannot be considered without first finding out about planning consent, because of this a reasonable amount of significant decisions cannot be considered. When designing a project plans submitted must take into account expenses as prices are relentlessly rising. Today, most projects involve an organization which is able to economically forecast costs of not only principal costs but also costs of control services. The establishment also find the most economical ways of ensuring that a development does not run over budget. Before plans are put forward a review must be taken on designs to ensure that the ideas can be implemented in terms of both construction techniques and materials. The aim of these reviews called Constructability Reviews is to minimize the number of changes at a later stage, reduce delays and rising costs (Palmer 2002). Construction Once construction is ready to begin, preliminary work needs to commence to allow initial works to be carried out, these include the clearing of the work site, a ground survey to asses the ground conditions, setting up of sanitary facilities, water/power supplies and offices and storage areas. Sufficient welfare amenities will need to be established on a construction site for use by workers throughout a development, this will need to be arranged by the project manager in advance. Provisions will include rest rooms, toilets, storage rooms, changing rooms and washrooms as well. (Hinze 2010) These facilities will be essential for the length of a project to evade disturbance to a project. In some circumstances however, the project manager may not require some facilities and will instead be able to make use of permanent services available on site. For example, the client may allow the construction team to use toilets already installed on site. This will therefore reduce costs which may have been incurred if the welfare facilities were required. When welfare amenities are required the project manager should aim to locate these in various locations and not a single area, this reason for this is that having them in one area may prove to be an inconvenience. For example if the site is very large, then the project manager may find that time is wasted going to and from the welfare facilities rather than using the time constructively. When the preliminary works have been completed demolition on the site can begin, since the site is located on a 10 ha site of old forest 5 miles out of the town centre; suitable access and transportation will need to be arranged for plant/machinery. The demolition stage will result in the recycling of materials, the forest trees for example can be recycled for timber use during the construction process; this increases the developments sustainable considerations. After the site has been fully cleared, excavation will be completed to create the required ground conditions, be it flat or, according to the design specifications. In many cases the land in which a project is developed can provide difficulties in terms of workability. Loose soil, often at a shallow depth, is an inevitable problem that can be solved using deep foundations; in this case however, shallow foundations will be used as outlined in the brief (Palmer 2002). The excavation stage will also prepare the site for eventual service installation and the construction of the substructure. Excavation will be carried out using various machines, plant is required during the construction process in order to increase production, minimize labour requirements, conduct high standards of constructions and also possibly reduce overall costs (Cooke 1997). During the planning process decisions must be made with regards the availability and use of plants. The substructure will consist of reinforced concrete foundations to allow sufficient support of the buildings by transporting the load to the ground, this will be especially vital for the community hall which will consist of a steel frame and metal cladding roof. Service works will also need to be carried out during the substructure stage to allow for pipes/cable routes to be considered also, drainage and refuse systems will need to be allowed to pass through and leave the various sites, be it below ground or through walls. Services however must not pass below foundations (Hinze 2010). The superstructure on the other hand will require extensive work, relating to the floors, walls and roofs; these will all be subject to the design specifications. Scaffolding will be required when working on raised platforms i.e. first floor levels, roofs etc, these will consist of steel or aluminium alloy tubes. As the development will consist of a 200 home housing estate, the homes will be of identical layout and size, for this reason pre-fabricated timber roof trusses will be delivered and hoisted into position before being placed on the supporting walls. The floors and ceilings in the homes will be timber constructed where as the community centre will consist of a concrete floor and metal cladding roof. The walls in the homes will be brick and block masonry fully insulated cavity walls, these will be plastered inside. Completion of the substructures and superstructures will then allow the services to be introduced to the buildings; these include drainage, pluming, gas and sanitary works. Some services will require installation below ground, specifically in trenches. Service works generally cause widespread disruption to the public, especially to traffic through road works; there should be a significantly lower impact however, since the housing project is being developed on an old forest site. Local authority permission must be granted before work commences, this will involve in the inspection of works carried out already and final tests being conducted. The plumbing works, which are installed above ground, will benefit from construction after the basic structural works have been completed. The finishes relating to the build require extensive organisation to ensure that they are completed accordingly as certain processes cannot begin until others have been completed. For this reason, a larger number of workers should be employed to carry out the finishing works simultaneously when possible, to ensure timely completion. The landscaping with regards this project should not be very costly as the location chosen for the project is an old forest, in comparison to some builds which are built in an area which requires more greenery and trees to be planted. Methods of circulation and travel will need to be established however including roads and footpaths. With regards the community centre security will need to be addressed as a priority as it will be serving the local community, including children for example. The project will not be completed until the site has been fully cleared and inspected. All surplus material and debris will not to be transported and disposed of accordingly or recycled if possible. Plants, offices and huts will need to be dismantled and cleared as well. The site must be left in a very good condition to allow inspection by various teams and bodies to ensure the development is both up to standard, matches the design specification and is also safe for occupation (Cooke 1997).

Womens Freedom during Chinas Revolutionary Period Essay -- Asian His

Women's Freedom during China's Revolutionary Period During the revolutionary period in China from 1921 to 1934, although there were undercurrents of an actual feminist movement, according to Kay Ann Johnson in Women, the Family & Peasant Revolution in China, women’s progress resulted more as a necessity of the war than the leadership’s commitment to emancipate women. Furthermore, when tension arose between men and women, the leadership usually appeased men over women. By not discussing the mentality of the political parties and the dynamics of the war, Hughes and Hughes’ critique lacks an explanation of the underlying motives that drove these parties to sometimes support women and other times reject women’s interests. Hughes and Hughes explain that â€Å"male educators and members of the KMT now proclaimed Chinese women emancipated† (H&H 237). However, Johnson’s critique paints quite a different and more complex emancipation. The philosophies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reflected undertones of feminist thought and consideration. The CCP’s ideology developed in the early twentieth century as a result of a radical intellectual movement in urban areas composed of disillusioned students and professors. The CCP did recognize women’s progressive demands and desires for equal rights. In 1922, at the Second National Congress, the Party established the Women’s Department which aided women’s revolutionary political activity (Johnson 41). The Manifesto of the Second Congress responded to women’s groups such as the Woman Suffrage Alliance and the Alliance for the Women’s Rights Movements by including objectives such as â€Å"the limited right to vote for all workers and peasants, regardless of sex, [and] protect... ...ower in the war. Thus, it is difficult to assess whether women did attain emancipation since emancipation under such a politically charged atmosphere seems rather tainted. In addition, when conflict arose between men and women, politics usually supported male interests. Hughes and Hughes do not fully illustrate the complex motives that drove these parties to either support or abandon women’s interests in order to maintain political unity. Thus, it is problematic to only read Hughes and Hughes critique because it lacks an in-depth discussion of the complex dynamics during the revolution. Works Cited Hughes, Sarah Shaver and Brady Hughes. Women in World History: Readings from 1500 to the Present. Vol 2. New York: M.E. Sharpe Inc., 1997. Johnson, Kay Ann. Women, the Family and Peasant Revolution in China. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983.

Yuvraj Singh

Yuvraj Singh pronunciation (help ·info) (born 12 December 1981) is an Indian cricketer, and the son of former Indian fast bowler and Punjabi movie star Yograj Singh. [1] Yuvraj is a left-hand middle-order batsman and a slow left-arm orthodox bowler. He has been a member of the Indian cricket team in ODIs since 2000 and played his first Test match in 2003. He was the vice-captain of the ODI team from late-2007 to late-2008.At the 2007 World Twenty20, he famously hit six sixes in an over against England's Stuart Broad — a feat performed only three times previously in any form of senior cricket, and previously never in an international match between two Test cricket nations. He was named the Man of the Tournament in the 2011 Cricket World Cup and was one of the top performers at the 2007 World Twenty20, both of which India won. In 2011, he was diagnosed with a cancerous tumor (stage-I) in his left lung and underwent chemotherapy treatment at the Cancer Research Institute in Bos ton, USA as well as Medicine Facilities in Indianapolis, Indiana. 2][3] In March 2012, Yuvraj was discharged from hospital after completing the third and final cycle of chemotherapy and returned to India in April. [4][5] He was conferred with Arjuna Award, India's second highest sporting award in the year 2012 by the President Pranab Mukherjee. [6] He made his international comeback in a Twenty20 match in September against New Zealand shortly before the 2012 World Twenty20.

Natural Fiber Wide Use Health And Social Care Essay

Natural fibres have been in a broad usage since the development of the human race. Catching up the Eco thrust, applied scientists were looking for eco-friendly options for fictile fibre. In the due class many natural fibres have been tested and some were able to do their base going economically feasible. The present work proposes to fix and prove a Natural Fiber ( Asian Palmyra ) Reinforced Composite ( NFRC ) . The survey is planned in conformity to a 3-Level Factorial Design and find the fluctuation of Tensile Strength ( TS ) , of short and indiscriminately oriented Palmyra NFRC, under control parametric quantities such as alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fiber volume % . The present paper focuses to pattern the influence of procedure variables on TS through Response Surface Methodology. The mathematical theoretical account which is developed to foretell tensile strength is found statistically valid and sound within the scope of the factors. Keywords: A – Discontinuous support, B – Mechanical belongingss, C – Statistical properties/methods, D – Mechanical testing, E – Lay-up ( manual ) .1. Introduction:Natural fibre has been in a broad usage since the development of the human race. They had got broad acceptation in communities for their flexibleness and strength. Recent tendencies in the country of fibre reinforced complexs have drawn a twine in utilizing these natural fibres as their support. The natural fibre imparts lower lastingness and lower strength compared to glaze fibres. However, low specific gravitation consequences in a higher specific strength and stiffness than glass. Natural fibres offer good thermal, dielectric and acoustic insularity belongingss along with easiness in processing technique without have oning of tools. Most of these fibres are produced in developing states like China, India and Brazil etc. In a historical position complexs like straw reinforced walls, bows and chariots made of pasted beds played of import functions in their endurance. Though many of these fibres are limited to their epidemic parts due to high local demand for many old ages, coming of man-made fibres have affected the market of natural fibres. After being entirely used for their electromagnetic belongingss, utilizing complexs to better the structural public presentation of ballistic capsule and aircraft became popular in last two decennaries of the old century. Particularly, increased constrains and future environmental route maps, have been emphasizing automotive industries to diminish their C pes prints. These rigorous steps have become blessing to the lagging natural fibre industries, and thereby making new challenges for research workers in happening beginnings of fibre, fiction techniques and applications of na tural fibres. The easy handiness of natural fibres and fabricating have motivated research workers worldwide late to seek locally available cheap fibres and to analyze their feasibleness of support intents and to what extent they satisfy the needed specifications of good reinforced polymer complexs [ 1 ] . Many surveies proved them to be possible rivals to man-made fibre to some extent. After reexamining the bing literature available on natural fibre complexs, assorted writers had put attempts in planing complexs based on the demands of composite industry. There has been a broad assortment of literature available on natural fibres such aspen, abaca, bagasse, bamboo, banana, coir, day of the month thenar, flax, henequen, isora, jute, silk cotton, deccan hemp, oil thenar, Ananas comosus, ramee, sisal, etc. , [ 2-18 ] . Natural fibre complexs provide comparable specific strength with that of man-made fibre complexs, due the low denseness offered by natural fibres [ 19 ] . There are many parametric quantities which affect the public presentation of a natural fiber-reinforced complex. Chemical alteration improvesA fiberA matrix adhesion, their consequences and effects on the physical belongingss ofA complexs [ 20 ] . Aspect ratio has a considerable consequence on composite belongingss, henc e it is of import to conserve fiber length every bit much as possible during composite processing operations [ 21 ] . Mechanical belongingss of the composite vary with assorted sums of fibre volume ratio. But there have been a really few documents covering with Palmyra fibre, the present fibre of our involvement [ 22 – 24 ] . The Borasseus Flabellifer is a tall and vertical thenar, and can populate 100 old ages or more and make a tallness of 30 m, with a canopy of big, fan-shaped foliages several twelve found distributing 3 metres across [ 25 ] . Each and every portion of the tree is a noteworthy socio-economic value for people in Southern India. The mid-ribs of the foliages and the fibres from their chaffs are used in doing industrial coppices and brooms. The fibre has good opposition to clash and heat, and will defy many chemicals and dissolvers. The denseness of toddy palm ( 0.7 gm/cm3 ) is least among all known natural fibres that are being commercially used in fabricating natural fibre complexs. This is extremely favourable belongings from the position point of light-weightiness. The present complex can happen extended application in non-structural, low-performance utilizations. Hence, the toddy palm fibres are most suited for doing support in green composite stuffs. The present research focuses on the survey and consequence of procedure parametric quantities on the tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented palmyra natural fibre reinforced complexs. The decisions drawn from this is that, a successful combination of procedure parametric quantities consequences in the betterment of mechanical belongingss of the composite. In future, complexs will be manufactured even more harmonizing to an integrated design procedure ensuing in the optimal building harmonizing to parametric quantities such as form, mass, strength, stiffness, lastingness, costs, etc. The developed mathematical theoretical account will be able to demo the influence of a design alteration on each one of these parametric quantities ( here strength ) .2. RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY:Response surface methodological analysis ( RSM ) began with the work of Box and Wilson in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society [ 26 ] . That work was motivated by the demand to run expe riments expeditiously, by a proper pick of design, and to find operating conditions on a set of governable variables that give rise to an optimum response. The cardinal thoughts in the classical RSM are developed utilizing additive multinomial theoretical accounts, chiefly first-degree and second-degree theoretical accounts, with uninterrupted response variables assumed, for the most portion, to be independently and usually distributed with changeless mistake discrepancies. This method has gone through several phases of development that are aimed at doing it more applicable to wider experimental state of affairss [ 27 ] . RSM is a aggregation of mathematical and statistical techniques that are utile for the mold and analysis of jobs in which a response of involvement is influenced by several variables and the aim is to optimise the response [ 28 ] . For, illustration, if the experimenter wishes to happen the degrees of two input variables, x1, x2 which maximize the output [ y ] of the procedure, so the procedure output is stated as: where I µ represents the noise or mistake observed in the response Y. If the expected response is denoted by E [ y ] = f [ x1, x2 ] = I · , so the surface represented by I · = f [ x1, x2 ] is called a response surface. If the individual input variable can be related to the end product variable so it is known as response curve and if the two input variables relate to the end product variable so it is known as response surface [ 28 ] . In common pattern, response surfaces are expressed diagrammatically and visualized through single secret plans, contours and 3D surface graphs.3. SPECIMEN Fabrication:The petioles of Asiatic Palmyra tree were soaked in a H2O retting armored combat vehicle for 45 yearss. After 45 yearss, the fibre can be extracted from the chaffs manually. These long uninterrupted fibres are washed exhaustively in plentifulness of clean H2O to take the excess waste ( fig. 1 ) .3.1 ALKALI TREATMENT:The obtained fibres were divided into three parts of equal weight. Th ese three groups of fibre were treated with 5 % NaOH solution for different clip continuances. The first group is treated for 2 hours, the 2nd for 4 hours and the 3rd for 6 hours. Chemical intervention with NaOH removes wet content from the fibres thereby increasing its strength. The chemical intervention besides clears all the drosss that are bordering the fiber stuff and besides stabilizes the molecular orientation. After alkali intervention, fibres were washed exhaustively in the distilled H2O and were dried for one twenty-four hours at room temperature. Then these long fibres were cut into short fibres of different lengths ( 3mm, 5mm and 7mm ) . The fibres which were treated for 2 hours with NaOH are cut into equal sums of 3mm, 5mm and 7mm fibres severally. Similarly, the fibres which were treated with NaOH for 4 hours and 6 hours were besides cut into short fibres. Therefore nine different samples of fibre were prepared which vary in fibre length and alkali intervention hours.3.2 PREPATION OF COMPOSITES:A rectangular wooden board of 300mm, 300mm was taken and wooden forms of thickness 4mm were fixed on these wooden boards with the aid of nails. These wooden forms were placed so that a infinite of 150mm, 10mm, and 4mm was obtained. After the molds of needed dimensions were prepared, wax was applied to the interior sides of the molds for easy release of the complex without lodging to the mold walls. Then the matrix was prepared by blending the hardener to epoxy. The epoxy and the hardener ratio were maintained at 10:1. To acquire goo d cured and a standard quality specimen, the epoxy and hardener must be assorted swimmingly and easy for about 10 proceedingss. Initial bed of the mold was filled with the epoxy rosin and hardener mixture and so the appropriate measure of fibres was placed such that epoxy mixture wholly spread over the fibres. Again, epoxy mixture was poured on the fibre. Therefore, the starting and stoping of the beds were of epoxy rosin. A fictile releasing house was placed on the top of the uncured mixture. Before using compaction, attempts were made to take all bubbles with roller. Finally, the compaction force per unit area of 0.05 MPa was applied equally and cured for 24 hours at room temperature. In this manner, specimens incorporating different volume fractions of fibre were prepared. These specimens were cured in the hot air oven at 600 C for 2 hours. Specimens incorporating different fibre volume fractions such as 20 % , 30 % , 40 % were prepared and 27 specimens were prepared. Natural Fib er Reinforced Composite ( NFRC ) is considered as the stuff for probe and its material composing is given in Table 4.1. The specimen ( Fig. 2 ) is prepared with the dimensions of 150mm length, 10mm breadth and 4mm thickness harmonizing to ASTM D 3039-76 [ 29 ] is used for experimentation.3.3 MECHANICAL Testing OF FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE:The most basic mechanical trial is the tenseness trial. For most structural stuffs, the tensile belongingss are indispensable elements of the stuff design allowable. The complexs specimens were tested as per ASTM criterions. The tensile testing was done as per ASTM D 3039M with the aid of INSTRON-6025 theoretical account Universal Testing Machine ( Fig. 3 ) at a crosshead velocity of 2mm per minute and consequences were analyzed to cipher the tensile strength of composite samples.4. Plan AN Experiment:Recognition of job and job statement:â€Å" Determine the affect of Alkali Treatment Time, Fiber length & A ; % Fiber volume on the tensile strengt h of Natural Fiber ( short Asian Palmyra ) Reinforced Composite. †Choice of factors, degrees, scopes:Alkali Treatment Time ( A ) , Fiber length ( B ) , Fiber volume % ( C ) ( 3 Levels )Choice of the response variable:Tensile Strength of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite ( T ) .Choice of experimental design:3 flat factorial design.Performing the experiment:Tensile strength on Universal Testing Machine ( UTM ) .Statistical analysis of informations:A, B, C relation to TDecisions and recommendations:Accomplishment of experiment aims.4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED METHODOLOGYThe control factors considered for experiments are alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fibre volume per centum while tensile strength is considered as the end product response. The process of response surface methodological analysis comprises the undermentioned stairss [ 30 ] : Plan a series of experiments for equal and dependable measuring of the response of involvement. Develop an empirical or mathematical theoretical account of the 2nd order response surface with the best adjustments. Find the optimum set of experimental parametric quantities that produce a upper limit or minimal value of response. Represent the direct and the synergistic effects of procedure parametric quantities through two and three dimensional secret plans.4.1.1 Conducting the experimentsThe executable scopes of the procedure control variables considered are listed in Table 4.2. These values correspond to the conditions at which there is maximal consequence on tensile strength as reported by other writers for different natural fibres. The belongingss of Asiatic Palmyra fibre reinforced complexs with different fibre lengths, clip continuances of Alkali intervention and fibre volume per centums under these conditions, the probes are presented in the undermentioned Tables 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5. Sample of tensile trial studies are shown in Fig. 4. The tensile strength of the specimen made of epoxy and hardener is 12.44MPa.4.2 DEVELOPMENT OF EMPIRICAL MODELSThe informations collected from typical experiments refering to end product responses, Tensile Strength from Tables 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5 are used to implement the proposed methodological analysis. The demand in developing the mathematical relationships is to associate the tensile strength to the procedure parametric quantities thereby easing the optimisation of the procedure parametric quantities. Design Expert, 8.0v [ 31 ] , statistical analysis package, is used to calculate the arrested development coefficients of the proposed theoretical accounts. The interaction effects of the procedure parametric quantities and tensile strength are important and hence the 2nd order theoretical accounts are postulated. The multinomial is fitted and the relationships obtained for the end product responses are given below:4.2.1 Adequacy trial:The developed empirical theoretical accounts are tested for their adequateness utilizing the undermentioned trials:4.2.1.1 Analysis of Variance [ ANOVA ] :ANOVA is carried out for the quadratic response surface theoretical accounts. The statistics of ANOVA for Tensile Strength is given in the Table 4.6. In instance of tensile strength, it can be observed from Table 4.6 that the value of â€Å" Probability & gt ; F † for the theoretical account is less than 0.05, which indicates that the theoretical account is important [ 28 ] .4.2.1.2 Multiple arrested development coefficients:To look into whether the fitted theoretical accounts really describe the experimental information, the multiple arrested dev elopment coefficient [ R2 ] is computed. R2 statistic is defined as the ratio of variableness explained by the theoretical account to the entire variableness in the existent experimental informations and is used as a step of goodness of fit [ 28 ] . If R2 attacks to integrity, the better the theoretical account fits the experimental information. In other words, it is the proportion of fluctuation in the dependant variable [ response ] that can be explained by the forecasters [ factor ] in the theoretical account. From Table 4.6, R2 for tensile strength is found to be 0.9276. This shows that the second-order theoretical account can explicate the fluctuation in tensile strength up to the extent of 92.76 % . The adjusted R2 efforts to give a more appropriate value to gauge R2. Adjusted R2 can be computed utilizing the expression 1- [ [ 1- R2 ] * [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] ] , where N is the figure of observations and K is the figure of forecasters [ 28 ] . When N is little and K is big and there will be a much greater difference between R2 and adjusted R2 [ because the ratio of [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] will be much less than 1. By contrast, when the figure of observations is really big compared to the figure of forecasters, the value of R2 and adjusted R2 will be much closer because the ratio of [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] will near 1. From Table 4.6, adjusted R2 for tensile strength is found to be 0.8915. It can be observed that the values of R2 and adjusted R2 are much closer to each other. The developed mathematical theoretical accounts are farther checked for their adequateness utilizing normal chance secret plan of remainders. The diagnostic secret plans are drawn to look into whether the informations are usually distributed and for any premise is violated. Therefore, the normal chance secret plan of remainders for the responses, tensile strength is plotted. Normal chance secret plans are used to measure whether informations come from the normal distribution. The statistical process makes the premise that an implicit in distribution is normal [ 28 ] . Thus normal chance secret plans can supply confidence that the premise is justified, or else supply a warning of jobs with the premise. An analysis of normalcy typically combines normal chance secret plans with hypothesis trials for normalcy. In a normal chance secret plan, if all the information points autumn near the line, an premise of normalcy is sensible. Otherwise, the points will swerve off from the line, and an premise of normalcy is non justified. The normal chance secret plans of the remainders for the end product responses, tensile strength is shown in Fig. 5 and it can be observed that the remainders are located on consecutive line, which means that the mistakes are distributed usually. The 3D surface graphs for tensile strength are shown in Figs. 6 – 8. All have curvilinear profile in conformity to the quadratic theoretical account fitted. Fig. 6 shows the interaction consequence of fibre length and alkali intervention clip on tensile strenth at different degrees of fibre volume per centum. It is clear from the figure that at highest values of fibre length and alkali intervention clip the tensile strenth attains largest value of 27MPa. At high value of alkali intervention clip ( 6Hrs ) and low value of fiber length ( 3mm ) , tensile strength varies from 17-19 MPa. where as at low value of both fiber length and alkali intervention clip the tensile strength is lowest. Fig. 7 depicts the consequence of fibre volume per centum and alkali intervention clip on tensile strength at different degrees of fibre length. As indicated in the secret plan the tensile strength additions with addition in both fiber volume per centum and alkali intervention clip. The highest value of tensile strength of about 27MPa is recorded at high values of fibre volume per centum and alkali intervention clip. Fig. 8 describes the interaction consequence of fibre volume per centum and fiber length on tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented Palmyra fiber composite at different degrees of base intervention clip. As the fibre volume per centum additions from 20 – 40 % and fibre length increasing from 7 – 3mm so tensile strength additions from 13 – 27 MPa. The combined consequence of fibre length and fibre volume per centum increases the tensile strength of composite. It can be said that the empirical theoretical accounts developed were moderately accurate, for Tensile strength.5 DecisionThe proposed work is on the survey and consequence of procedure parametric quantities on the tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented toddy palm fibre reinforced complexs. The experimental probe on mechanical behavior of palmyra fibre reinforced complexs leads to the undermentioned decisions: Tensile strength ( TS ) , of the toddy palm fibre reinforced compos ite stuff is greatly influenced by alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fibre volume fraction. The quadratic theoretical account developed by RSM can be used to foretell the tensile strength of the toddy palm fibre reinforced composite stuff at 93 % assurance degree. But the cogency of the theoretical account is limited to the scope of parametric quantities considered for the probe. The truth of the developed theoretical account can be improved by including more figure of parametric quantities and degrees. Further, mathematical theoretical accounts can be developed by taking multiple responses, with different scopes of procedure variables and the composite design can be optimized based on the demand of the clients.