Critique of Kochavi’s Article Essay

Many of us used to read historical facts and data whether as a form of requirement of just a source of knowledge. As we read these texts, we are mould to understand certain parts of history that gives us greater perspective and learning of the past. According to Howell and Pervenier in their book â€Å"From Reliable Source: An Introduction to Historical Methods,† there is a process in obtaining historical data and evidences. This book serves as the basic steps in understanding the meaning and essence of history. As readers, we may be brought into historical places and scenarios because of many historians that give us several accounts on history, but we must also understand how history played a significant role to our growth and identity. This paper will discuss Noam Kochavi’s article entitled â€Å"Washington’s View of the Sino-Soviet Split, 1961-63: From Puzzled Prudence to Bold Experimentation† as it unravels a significant point of world history. In discussing the text, Howell and Prevenier will be taken into consideration to justify the arguments of the paper. Kochavi’s article discussed and described the trend and pattern of Sino-Soviet War. In the beginning of the article, the author discussed the path of the war as it involves the United States. In the middle of the text, Kochavi analyzed the different perspectives of the other historians as they give narration to the process of war through time between the concerned countries and the United States as part of the issue. Howell and Prevenier discussed the five keys to successful elaboration of historical accounts – a historian should know how to choose, he or she must know how to authenticate, to decode, to compare, and to interpret those sources that he or she has obtained. Based on the article, Kochavi has overflowing materials right through her hands. It was seen in her bibliography. They were used according to each topic. In the beginning of her article she discussed her main source, Gordon Chang’s â€Å"Friends and Enemies. † She discussed every sequence of Chang’s ideas and facts towards the World War and the perspectives of the United States within the issue of Sino-Soviet War. From all of these, it shows that Kochavi achieved the first key to obtain elaboration of the topic – by choosing the topic and idea. â€Å"Chang’s study has the single virtue of highlighting the considerable extent to which US officials during the 1950s and 1960s, Republican and Democrat alike, identified China as a growing danger to global and regional stability (Kochavi 51). † Kochavi’s article is a depiction of social reality and history into a complex situation. She is a product of modern historian that deals with the nature of facts and data in a sociological perspective rather than the technical acquisition of evidences. It can be said that this formation is a good attack to discuss the issues and relevant topics to make the article whole. Kochavi is also a basic definition of historian by Howell and Pervenier – having her own perspective that moulds the people into her own idea of the topic of the history. This point shows how the author authenticates the knowledge and evidences that she obtained throughout the process research and discussion of the text. â€Å"Another manifestation was the sense that the Communist Chinese soldier was capable of exhibiting inhuman resilience, partly because of the leadership’s alleged low regard for human life (53). † This part of the article showed the thoughts and arguments of Kochavi in regards with the context of the war. There are several points that she obtained throughout the text and all of these were discussed with certain evidences from different books, articles, discussions, and interviews. It was seen in the article that the author is making her assertions with points and justification to her main idea. As she discussed the inclusion of Washington to the war of China and Soviet Union, she is armed with different learning, ideas, composition, facts, evidences, and relevant materials to fulfill her goal for the text. That is why as the article went to its end, the readers would have greater knowledge towards the war and the ways on how Washington or the whole United States faced the issues and complications of the war. Kochavi decoded the facts and discussed it through her own senses and ideas to formulate better perspectives and identity to this part of history. â€Å"At the same time, prominent Foreign Service ‘Russian experts’, respected in the administration’s higher counsels, deemed Rostow’s prognosis too optimistic (62). † This part of the text discussed other relevant data and analysis to the topic. It is a form of comparison because Kochavi used to define and describe the capabilities, skills, knowledge, and identity of the Russian experts as they discuss the war. The author attempted not to become bias with her own thoughts and ideologies. That is why she recognized some ideas and analysis coming from other historians or experts in different countries especially to the concerned countries during the war to show their struggles, emotions, and own viewpoint of the battle. Therefore, Kochavi slowly obtained the fourth key to become a good historian for she already discussed the key aspects in tortuous case to make her readers understand well her input, subject, and point of view. On the other way around, as the article evolves and articulates its main thought, the author also narrates her simple ideas towards the scenario or the chosen topic that she faced. â€Å"In no small measure, Washington’s handling of the split was shaped by the policymaker’s preconceptions regarding China and the Soviet Union, as well as by perceived domestic factors. Yet, this article demonstrates that intelligence organs and intelligence products played a significant role (71). † The last part of the text, he discussed the main points that she wanted to convey. Through this, she has the willpower to learn and continue growing in the field of history that only few could acquire. She interpreted the sources that she has in greater sense of responsibility towards her readers. The attempts, attacks, symbolisms, and signs that Kochavi used to perform her duty as a historian and gives the readers the understanding of the content and rationale that shows the political, social, and economic aspects of war during 1960s. In conclusion to this, it can be said that Noam Kochavi did not only made a good effort to discuss the points and revelations of the Sino-Soviet War but she also made some input that moulds the readers on how they will perceive this certain part of history. It is true that historians give the idea of acquiring the facts of history as based on Howell and Pervenier. History is always in the hands of the historians because they give life to the past as we readers continue to nurture our minds in whatever facts, evidences, and information that we obtain through reading and acquiring knowledge. Work Cited Kochavi, Noam. 2000. Washington’s View of the Sino-Soviet Split, 1961-63: From Puzzled Prudence to Bold Experimentation. Intelligence and National Security 15, no. 1 (Spring): 50-79

Essay on Business Ethics and dilemma - 632 Words

Action Items 1. Review the assigned readings from the text and article by Carroll (1991). 2. Prepare a 3- to 5-page paper titled, Corporate Social Responsibility. 3. Reflect upon your text readings from Chapters 1 and 9 with a focus on the following core concepts: Organizational Social Responsibility (Chapters 1 and 9) The Ethical Decision-making Process (Chapter 1) Corporate Reputation (Chapter 9) The Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid (Chapter 9) The Importance of Trust (Chapter 9) The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (article by Carroll and Chapter 9) 4. Read The Merck and River Blindness Case at the end of Chapter 9 of your text. 5. Compose your paper in Microsoft Word. Include your name, the assignment name†¦show more content†¦If Merck decided not to pursue development of the new drug, what implications do you see this having for stakeholder relations such as the scientists who desire the development. E.g. Is this a trust and leadership consideration? Final Decision: If you were the CEO of Merck and the final decision on this risky new drug development was yours, what would you do and why? Justify your decision. Using Carrolls theory, are you comfortable stating your opinion to the board of trustees, employees, and media? NOTE: Since this is an actual, real-life case, your focus should be on producing creative and new thinking that applies the ethical concepts to the material. Also, include an introduction and conclusion in your paper. You are encouraged to use the headings above in Action Item 7 in your paper for organizational purposes. 7. Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. NOTE: Turnitin.com is used by Franklin University to assist students in detecting plagiarism. Turnitin generates a report within minutes of submitting your paper. Your results will not be e-mailed to you; you must login to review your results. 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No Look As You Walk Your Routine Route - 1521 Words

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Gay Marriage Should Be Accepted And Respected - 932 Words

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Development in the Use of Technology in the U.S Maritime Industry

Question: Discuss about the Development in the Use of Technology in the U.S Maritime Industry. Answer: There has been a great achievement in the maritime industry in terms of efficiency. This industry is the back-bone of world with 90% of the trade being moved by the commercial shipping industry. The increased efficiency has resulted in low cost of moving products across the globe. The world-wide sea trade has expanded rapidly over the last 40 years and is now past 6 billion tons per year. With a yearly growth rate of about 0.25. The governments have reduced their trade regulations over the past years something that has seen a rise in the specialization in various regions across the globe. Asian countries have now majored in manufacturing something which largely depends on container shipment as a form of transport to the designated markets overseas. In the case of the United States, the consumption of petroleum products has risen even though domestic production trend is observed to be going down. With this information, we can easily predict a significant growth in the sea importations with crude oil and liquefied natural gas being the major products. This growing demand for imports by the U.S and the climate which is continuously changing is expected to expand resource exploration in the Arctic region making efficient and environmental protective deep-sea shipping to of a very important to the economy of the United States. (Noble, 2008) The maritime transportation industry has made significant development in its effectiveness over the past 50 years. There has been a reduction in the cost of shipping heavy loads, something which has resulted in lower cost of the product to the consumers. (Noble, 2008). Technological advancement has seen a rise in new concepts such as container ships and liquefied natural gas carriers something which has changed entirely how products are moved. Other significant areas improved as well are the reduction in the labour force supply demanded in the industry, shipbuilding productivity, the efficiency of operations and the economies of scale brought about using large marine transporters. (Noble, 2008) The maritime transport industry has several sectors which need to interact effectively for it to deliver overall system efficiency. This component range from carriers to safety apparatus. In addition, it needs a great supply of very skilled labour force the U.S marine transport also has numerous faces ranging from sea sabotage to great river navigation (Noble, 2008) Even though an expanding effective and efficient maritime industry is of a significance important to the economy of the United States this case analysis focuses on the unemployment rate rising from the increasing automation of the industry and the remedies that may be out in place to maintain the stability of the economy Problem The push for full automation of the maritime ports if facing a stiff resistance from the shore men whose jobs are at a stake. Companies and the U.S government view automation as a cost-effective measure in addition to increasing efficiency and speed of operations in the ports. This is not the case with trade unions to them automation is just a source of unemployment. The ports in California apparently handle around 40%of the entire U.S container traffic with the number expected to go up the battle for automation seems to be the optimum point. (O'Reilly, 2017) Significance of the Problem Over the past decades, there has been an upward trend in the world population growth rate, with technology having the tendency to generate fewer jobs than it erases it seems to be an enemy of economic progress. This according to the trade unions representing the many workers who are losing their jobs annually due to the technological advancements. The U.S maritime industry is one of the largest in the world and loss in jobs here will affect a large (Okalow, 2013) Its therefore of a significance, just like the way government agencies are combining forces with the industries to enhance automation they should also work with similar effort to help solve the unemployment factor. Two Alternative Actions Industries cannot be relied upon to reduce the unemployment being caused by automation. This is because to the management its all about cutting cost with the objective of profit maximization. That leaves the burden of restoring the imbalance caused in the job market by the automation to the U.S national and states government. As unemployment rises the demand for products also drops, this way the private sector is generating less capital as the individuals are having less money to spend, hence they cannot counter the unemployment. The government through increasing its spending can create more jobs. A great percentage of the government work for the government and a million others in projects which are funded by the government. By expanding the investment in public goods such as the infrastructure the government will be able to absorb more jobless citizens. Also, it can invest more in capacity development such as education and research. (Ettlinger, 2011) capacity development will be of great help as the current labour force may get a chance to advance their knowledge and hence be able to match the changes brought about by the automation. The government might also diversify the economy away from reliance on the maritime industry. As a second remedy, the government can implement policies to slow down the automation process this way giving the economy time to adjust to the disadvantaged of automation something which can be a short term solution.it takes years for people to gain some special skills so if the government can monitor the automation process to match this it may help its citizens especially the ones whose jobs are et the risk of being taken by technology. Recommendations As discussed above automation leads to efficiency speed and cost-effectiveness measures. For this purpose, its just obvious to see the increased urge to automate most if not all the process in the maritime industry. The challenges its facing the major one being increased loss of jobs is a situation which must just be handled on its own. This is because as competition tightens in the business sector governments and the businesses will have no option but to come up with cost effective techniques to improve their competitiveness. Hence as the government should just step in through fiscal or monetary policies to increase the number of jobs in the market Automation is here to stay and the best everyone assisted by the government can do is to increase their knowhow to match the developments. Increasing investments in the infrastructure, research, and education combined with economic diversification the maritime industry can as well be left to make use of technology. Furthermore this automation will in the long run results into affordable products something which will eventually lower the cost of living and hence reduce the effect of the unemployment rate. References Ettlinger, H. B. (2011). Center for American progress. Retrieved from Government spending can create jobs: https://www.americanprogress.org Noble, K. M. (2008). Transportation Infrastructure. National Academy of engeneering. Okalow, S. (2013, April 11). Canadian Business. Retrieved from https://www.canadianbusiness.com O'Reilly, A. (2017). Automation of port terminals threatens thousands of lucrative dock worker jobs. Fox News.

Ozymandias Essays - Ramesses II, Sonnets, Ozymandias,

Ozymandias "Ozymandias" to express to us that possessions do not mean immortality. He used very strong imagery and irony to get his point across throughout the poem. In drawing these vivid and ironic pictures in our minds, Shelley was trying to explain that no one lives forever, and nor do their possessions. Shelley expresses this poem's moral through a vivid and ironic picture. A shattered stone statue with only the legs and head remaining, standing in the desert, the face is proud and arrogant, "Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read"(lines, 4-6). On the pedestal of the statue, there are these words, ?"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!'"(Lines, 10-11). However, all that surrounds the statue is a desert. This poem is written to express to us that possessions don't mean immortality, the king who seemed to think that his kingdom would remain under his statue's haughty gaze forever, ironically teaches us this through his epitaph. "Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"(Line, 11) becomes good advice, though in an opposite meaning than the king intended, for it comes to mean that despite all the power and might one acquires in the course of their life, material possessions will not last forever. In the end, the King's "works" are nothing, and the lines inscribed upon his statue are a sermon to those who read it. This is a poem about art. Shelley used imagery and a very impressive ironical way to write this poem. Basically, the poem is divided into two parts; the first eight lines are describing an ancient decayed sculpture seen by a traveler. The last six lines however talk about the words on the pedestal and the desolate surroundings; he contrasts the great sculpture with the surrounding emptiness, which gave a stronger feeling about the poem. In Shelley's work, it described the visage "sneer of cold command"(Line, 5). From this you can imagine a very conceited, arrogant pharaoh, commanding his people building this great vast statue hoping his power would be immortality. And when this great piece of work is done, he demanded to put such words on the pedestal: ?"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings. Look at my works, ye Mighty and despair!"'(Lines, 10-11). Ozymandias seemed to think that as long as his sculpture was there, his kingdom would last forever. But according to this poem, after hundreds and thousands of years, the only thing left is sand and the rotting and decaying sculpture. Shelley wrote, " Nothing beside remains"(line, 12) after the words " Look at my works,"(line, 11). This is really sarcastic because the prior sentence was just talking about how great and fabulous this sculpture was and how the king thought about possessing his kingdom forever this way. Then, the next sentence comes with- "Nothing beside remains"(line, 12). Shelley is trying to tell us something through this vivid and ironic picture described in the poem, which is no one lives forever, and nor do their possessions. In the poem, this pharaoh thought that even if he past away, his kingdom, power and possessions would still remain the same, and forever this way. But in reality, it's impossible. Like the poem said, the king's work became nothing, only shattered statue with legs and head left, lying in the desert. Shelley put a clear image in all our minds when he talked about the power and desires of this mighty king. All Ozymandias wanted was immortality, which everyone in this world, even today, would die for. Who knows, maybe that was the key to the king's impractical dream.

Describe the Factors Affecting Majority Influence Essays

Describe the Factors Affecting Majority Influence Essays Describe the Factors Affecting Majority Influence Essay Describe the Factors Affecting Majority Influence Essay A study was carried out by Solomon Asch which showed the factors which affected majority influence. In his study he wanted to see how group pressure affects group tasks with an obvious answer. The method he used to carry out this study was by using eight male students were arranged around a table but only one of them however was a real participant who turns up late and the others were confederates of the researchers. The task was to identify out of the 3 lines shown on a board which of the lines (A, B or C) was the same length as the test line (X). They answered out loud in turn and the confederates were all told to answer the same incorrect letter. The real participant had a chance to see what the other participants’ answers were, but not right at the end as he may become suspicious. It was important for him to see what the other participants’ answers were because when it was his turn to answer, the researcher gets an idea if the participant’s answer had been influenced by the majority. Asch found that 32% of the genuine participants conformed on the trials and only 26% of people never conformed. From this study, it is shown that group size is an important factor which affects majority influence, the larger the group size the more conformity there is; but only to a point. After about 5 or 6 people, Asch found that more people had very little difference on the amount of conformity. This may be due to the fact that people have guessed the purpose of the experiment. Another factor is majority size and the presence of an ‘ally’. If the majority is unanimous, conformity is much more likely, but if there is even one other person disagreeing with the majority even if it isnt the same as your own opinion then the levels of conformity drops dramatically especially if there is someone who continually disagrees. Asch also investigated that the method of making a decision was another factor, when the participants make their decision by writing it down, conformity fell, this is because the decision is more private and the participant is more removed from it. If a decision is made anonymously and by writing it down such as voting, the levels of conformity are zero since nobody will know what you have written. Another very important factor is personal characteristics as younger adolescents between the age of 12/13 to 15/16 were the most likely age group to conform.